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Disorders / Diseases In Lung

Disorders / Diseases In Lung


1. 1. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a lung disease in which the pulmonary alveoli (alveoli) responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere become "inflamed" and filled with fluid. Pneumonia can be caused by a number of causes, including infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Pneumonia can also be caused by chemical or physical irritation of the lungs or as a result of other diseases, such as lung cancer or drinking too much alcohol.
Symptom
Symptoms associated with pneumonia include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Diagnostic tools including x-ray and sputum examination.
Treatment
Depending on the cause of pneumonia; pneumonia caused by bacteria treated with antibiotics.
Pneumonia is a common illness which occurs in all age groups, and is the top-ranked cause of death among the elderly and people with chronic ill. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. The prognosis for individuals depending on the type of pneumonia, the appropriate treatment, other komplikasin, and health.
Pneumonia is one of the cases that have the high death rate at this point is the case of pneumonia caused by bird flu


2. 2. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a dangerous tumor that grows in the lungs. Most lung cancers derived from cells in the lungs; lung cancer but can also come from cancer in other body parts that spread to the lungs.
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in both men and women. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths.
More than 90% of lung cancers originated from the bronchi (large airways into the lungs), cancer is called carcinoma bronkogenik, consisting of:Squamous cell carcinomaSmall cell carcinoma or squamous cell wheatLarge cell carcinomaAdenocarcinoma
Alveolar cell carcinoma originating from the alveoli in the lungs. Cancer can be a single growth, but often affects more than one area of ​​the lung.
Lung tumors are less common are:Adenoma (either malignant or benign)Kondromatous hamartoma (benign)Sarcomas (malignant)
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymph system, which can be derived from the lung or is spread from other organs. Many cancers that originated elsewhere spread to the lungs. This cancer usually comes from the breast, colon, prostate, kidney, thyroid, stomach, cervix, rectum, testicles, bones and skin.

Cause
Smoking is a major cause of about 90% of lung cancer cases in men and about 70% in women. The more cigarettes smoked, the greater the risk for lung cancer.
Only a small proportion of lung cancers (about 10% -15% in men and 5% in women) caused by or inhaled substances encountered in the workplace. Working with asbestos, radiation, arsenic, chromate, nickel, chloromethyl ethers, mustard gas and coke oven emissions can cause lung cancer, although usually only occurs in workers who also smoke.
The role of air pollution as a cause of lung cancer is still unclear. Some cases occurred because of exposure to radon gas in the home.
Sometimes lung cancer (particularly adenocarcinoma and alveolar cell carcinoma) occurred in people who have lung scarring due to other lung diseases, such as tuberculosis and fibrosis.


3. 3. Tuberculosis or TB
It is because the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which can damage the lungs but can also be the central nervous system (meningitis, lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints.TypesTuberculosis of lung, bacteriological and histological confirmedPulmonary tuberculosis, not confirmed by bacteriological and histologicalTuberculosis on the nervous systemTuberculosis of other organsTuberculosis millier







4. 4. Asbestosis
It is a respiratory disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which are formed in the lungs extensive scarring.Asbestos fibers composed of silicate minerals with different chemical composition. If inhaled, asbestos fibers settle in the lungs, causing scarring. Inhaling asbestos can also cause thickening of the pleura (the membrane that lines the lungs).Cause
Inhaling asbestos fibers can cause scarring (fibrosis) in the lungs. Lung tissue fibrosis that form can not inflate and deflate properly. Severity of the disease depends on the duration of exposure and the number of fibers inhaled.
Exposure to asbestos can be found in the mining and milling, construction and other industries. Exposure to asbestos workers' families can also occur from particles brought home on the clothing of workers.
Diseases caused by asbestos include:Pleural plaques (classification)Malignant mesotheliomasPleural effusion.
Symptom
Asbestosis Symptoms appear gradually and emerging only after the formation of scar tissue in large quantities and the lungs lose elasticity.
The first symptoms are shortness of breath light and reduced ability to exercise. Approximately 15% of patients, will experience severe shortness of breath and respiratory failure.
Heavy smokers with chronic bronchitis and asbestosis, will suffer from coughing and wheezing. Inhaling asbestos fibers can sometimes lead to accumulation of fluid in the space between the two membranes that line the lungs. Although rare, asbestos can also cause Tumo called mesothelioma in the pleura or the lining of the abdomen called peritoneal mesotheliomas.
Mesotheliomas caused by asbestos are malignant and incurable. Mesotheliomas usually occur after exposure krokidolit, one of the 4 types of asbestos. Amosit, other types, also cause mesotelioma.Krisotil may not cause mesothelioma but sometimes tainted by tremolit which can cause mesothelioma. Mesothelioma usually occurs after exposure for 30-40 years.
Lung cancer will occur in patients with asbestosis who also smoke, especially those who smoke more than one pack a day.
Healing
Supportive treatment to address the symptoms is to remove mucus / phlegm from the lungs through the procedure postural drainage, chest percussion and vibration. Given drugs to thin the mucus spray. It may need to be given oxygen, either through a facemask (mask) or through a plastic tube that is placed in the nostrils. Sometimes lung transplants performed. Fatal mesothelioma, chemotherapy is not very useful and tumor removal does not cure cancer.Prevention
Asbestosis can be prevented by reducing the levels of asbestos fibers and dust in the working environment. Since the industry uses to control asbestos dust, it is much less likely to suffer from asbestosis, mesothelioma but it still occurs in people who have been exposed 40 years ago.


5. 5. Bronchitis
It is an inflammation of the bronchi (airways into the lungs).
The disease is usually mild and will eventually recover completely. But in people who have chronic illnesses (such as heart or lung disease) and in the elderly, bronchitis can be serious.
Cause
Infectious bronchitis is caused by viruses, bacteria and organisms that resemble bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia)Recurring bronchitis attacks can occur in smokers and patients with lung disease and chronic respiratory tract. Recurrent infections may be a result of:Chronic SinusitisBronchiectasisAllergyEnlarged tonsils and adenoids in children.Irritative bronchitis can be caused by:Various types of dustSmoke from strong acids, ammonia, some organic solvents, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and bromineAir pollution causes irritation of ozone and nitrogen dioxideTobacco and other cigarette.
Symptom
Symptoms include:cough with phlegm (sputum can be colored red)shortness of breath when exercising or exertionoften suffer from respiratory infections (such as flu)asthmatiredswelling of ankles, feet and legs left and rightface, palms or reddish mucous membranescheeks look rosyheadachevisual impairment.
Infectious bronchitis often begins with symptoms such as runny nose, ie runny nose, fatigue, chills, back pain, muscle aches, mild fever and sore throat.Coughing is usually a sign of the beginning of bronchitis. At first it did not cough up phlegm, but 1-2 days later will issue a white or yellow phlegm. Furthermore, sputum will multiply, yellow or greenIn severe bronchitis, after most other symptoms improve, sometimes there is a high fever for 3-5 days and the cough may persist for several weeks.Shortness of breath occurs when the airway becomes blocked. Often found wheezing breath sounds, especially after coughing. Pneumonia can occur.TreatmentTo reduce fever and malaise, to adult patients can be given aspirin or acetaminophen; to children should only be given acetaminophen. It is advisable to rest and drink plenty of fluids.Antibiotics given to patients whose symptoms indicate that the cause is a bacterial infection (yellow or green sputum, and fever stays high), and patients who previously had lung disease. To adult patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclin or ampicillin. Erythromycin is given even though the cause is suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To people with children given amoxicillin. If the cause is a virus, antibiotics are not given.If symptoms persist or recur or if bronkitisnya very heavy, then the culture of the sputum examination to help determine whether the necessary replacement of antibiotics.