pernyataan karya ilmiah

Tubers of yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) AS ORGANIC PESTICIDE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY



Approved on 27 April 2012



by

        


                                                 Head of SMAN 2 Singingi


                                                           Drs.Yuli Afriza NIP. 19700714 199412 1002



STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY


The undersigned is

Name: Arif Mudi Priyatno

NIS: 1764

School: SMAN 2 Singingi

Stating that scientific papers are original and written based on research that was approved on April 27, 2012 at Sman 2 Singingi.

             This statement is designed to be used properly.
















                                                                                             Singingi, 27 April 2012


                                                                                      




                                                                                             Arif Mudi Priyatno

                                                                                             NIS: 1764

makalah gadung karya ilmiah

INTRODUCTION

            Sense of gratitude puja and prayed to the presence of the author of the Almighty God for His will is His scientific work can be completed on time. Writing this paper aims to follow the scientific writing competition. In addition to the race, the purpose of writing this paper is to find an alternative substitute inorganic pesticides with organic pesticides.

            In the completion of this paper, the authors fraught with difficulties, mainly due to the lack of science writers in doing scientific work and in doing experiments in labotarium. With the help and guidance of the various parties, eventually scientific papers can be completed on time, although there are still many shortcomings. Therefore, the appropriate author would like to thank:1. Head of SMAN 2 Singingi, Drs. Yuli Afriza. the confidence given to the author.2. Eka Satria all that really helped me in doing this Ilmiyah work.3. A class XI IPA 1 which gives encouragement.4. His father and mother loved that much to give encouragement and support, both morally and spiritually, and that has given the idea of ​​scientific papers. Hopefully, this paper can be useful for halayak crowded.5. Homeroom XI IPA 1, which helped to boost morale and spirit so that the work is completed Ilmiyah I made.6. And all those who have helped, either directly or indirectly which can not be mentioned one by one.

            The authors recognize, as a student who knows not how, and still have a lot to learn in the writing of scientific papers, that this paper still has many shortcomings. Therefore, the authors are looking forward to any criticism and suggestions from various parties who are positive that scientific work is getting better and efficient future to come.

          Hopefully the author's hope that this simple scientific work can be applied by farmers to kill insektida. With the use of these organic pesticides can reduce environmental pollution caused by inorganic pesticides.






















Singingi, 23 April 2012




                                                                                                                               AUTHORTABLE OF CONTENTSWORD ivSign up viSign up viiviiiCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION1.1 Background Issues .............................................. ..................... 11.2 Problem Formulation ............................................... ............................. 31.3 Objectives Research ............................................... ............................... 3CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION2.1 Pesticides ................................................ ........................................... 42.2 Gadung Plant (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) .............................. 6Growing Bulbs .............................................. 2.3 Gadung .................... 8CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 ...... Time and Place of Research .............................................. ............ 11th3.2 ...... Hypothesis ................................................. .......................................... 11th3.3 ...... Tools and Materials Research .............................................. .................. 11th3.4 ...... Work Procedures ................................................ .................................. 11thCHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF WORKS4.1 ...... Observation Results ................................................ ............................. 14th4.2 ...... Alikasi Science ................................................ ..................................... 14thCHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 Conclusion ................................................ ....................................... 16th6.2 16thSign up 17th18th




List of TablesTable 1.1........... Types of pesticides and their use ............................................ ......................... 5Table 1.2........... The environment in which plants grow yam ............................................. .......... 7Table 1.3........... Gadung Plant Maintenance Level (%) ........................................... ................ 8Table 1.4........... The use of organic pesticides estrak gadung as ............................................ .. 14th




















Tubers of yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) AS ORGANIC PESTICIDE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY


                                                            by: Arif Mudi Priyatno

                                                            NIS: 1674
ABSTRACT

                Tubers of yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) is a plant perambat, aged chronic (perennial), length of approximately 10 m. This plant is a stem tuber, fibrous roots, woody stems, cylindrical, twisted, green color, the inside of a solid surface is smooth and spiny. Yam tuber has been used by some people as pest control. The research paper aims to demonstrate the scientific and seek alternative substitute inorganic pesticides. Experimental animals used in this study were crickets and cockroaches. The method used in this research is to conduct experimental test results 100% estrak yam can kill cockroaches and crickets nine tails. With pencampuran50% water and 50% yam estrak kills 7 tails 6 tails crickets and cockroaches. By mixing 75% and 25% yam estrak water can kill 8 tails crickets and 7 crawly. Estrak yam tubers can kill animals, thus yam tubers can be used as an organic pesticide. Compounds contained in yam tubers that can kill insects is the compound cyanide. Cyanide formed enzymatically from two precursor compounds (will poison), namely linamarin and mertil linamarin. Besides functioning as an organic pesticide can also be cultivated yam tubers with bulbs or seeds and cuttings.

bios

BIOS

BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, a computer system or IBM PC compatibles (computer based on the Intel x86 family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:

   1. Initialization (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)
   2. Load and run an operating system
   3. Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration of the boot process, performance and stability of your computer)
   4. Helps operating systems and applications in process hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.
BIOS provides a low-level communication interfaces, and can control many types of hardware (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS generally made using assembly language (assembly) that is used by the machine in question.
The term first appeared in the BIOS operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS), which functions the same way as CP / M disk BIOS.
Said BIOS also can be interpreted as "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).


Component BIOS
In the BIOS, there are some basic components, are as follows:

Examples of CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)

    * The BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management, the performance of the computer, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access hardware that is quite tricky if done directly.
    * Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processors, and some other device to the base operating system 16-bit (in this case a family DOS).
    * Program major bootstraper that allows computers to make the process of booting into the operating system installed.

ROM and NVRAM
BIOS is also often referred to as the ROM BIOS because initially BIOS is stored in read-only memory chip (ROM) on the motherboard. Why is stored in ROM, is that the BIOS can be executed when the computer is turned on, without having to wait for a turn on the first penyipanan media (which takes longer). BIOS in modern PC is stored in a ROM chip that can be electrically re-writeable or Flash ROM. That's why, now more popularly called Flash BIOS than the ROM BIOS. Here are some chip ROM BIOS is used as a storage area.
Type of ROM

Ways of writing

Can be removed

Type BIOS
Mask ROM

Photolithography

No

ROM BIOS
Programmable ROM (PROM)

PROM Writer

No

ROM BIOS
Erasable PROM

EPROM / PROM Writer

Yes, using EPROM Rewriter with ultraviolet light or shine right in the hole clear quartz.

ROM BIOS
Electricly EPROM

EEPROM / EPROM / PROM Writer

Yes, using Rewriter EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software.

ROM BIOS
Flash ROM

EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM

Yes, using Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board by using Flash BIOS Programmer software.

Flash BIOS
Display incurred by nvram current BIOS damage or when the CR-2032 lithium battery is discharged or removed from its slot
Though BIOS is stored in read only memory, BIOS settings are not stored in the ROM, (this is caused by the static nature of the ROM) but a separate chip called the Real-time clock (RTC), in the form of a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory ( NVRAM). NVRAM is also often referred to as Complimentary Metal-Oxide Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM), because it uses a CMOS fabrication method. Because it uses a method of making CMOS, NVRAM requires very little power to work. Although it is called non-volatile NVRAM chip is actually a volatile, so data stored on them may be erased easily if power is interrupted to live it. Therefore, the NVRAM "nourished" by a battery (like a calculator or clock battery) with a material with lithium CR-2032 series. A CR-2032 Lithium batteries can support NVRAM for three to five years. If the battery runs out of power, or the power is being supplied is lost (due to removed from the slot), then all the configuration will be restored to the standard conditions, as when the BIOS is programmed by the manufacturer. BIOS generally provide reports CMOS Checksum Error or NVRAM Checksum Error.
= BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, a computer system or IBM PC compatibles (computer based on the Intel x86 family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:

  1. Initialization (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)

  2. Load and run an operating system

  3. Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration process

     booting, performance and stability of your computer)

  4. Helps operating systems and applications in process hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.
BIOS provides a low-level communication interfaces, and can control many types of hardware (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS generally made using assembly language (assembly) that is used by the machine in question.
The term first appeared in the BIOS operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS), which functions the same way as CP / M disk BIOS.
Said BIOS also can be interpreted as "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).

Component BIOS
In the BIOS, there are some basic components, are as follows: Example of CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)

   * The BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management

     electrical, computer performance, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access the hardware

     quite complicated if done directly.

   * Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processor and multiple devices

     other base operating system 16-bit (in this case a family DOS).

   * Program major bootstraper that allows computers to make the process of booting into the operating system installed.

ROM and NVRAM
BIOS is also often referred to as the ROM BIOS because initially BIOS is stored in read-only memory chip (ROM) on the motherboard. Why is stored in ROM, is that the BIOS can be executed when the computer is turned on, without having to wait for a turn on the first penyipanan media (which takes longer). BIOS in modern PC is stored in a ROM chip that can be electrically re-writeable or Flash ROM. That's why, now more popularly called Flash BIOS than the ROM BIOS. Here are some chip ROM BIOS is used as a storage area. ROM Type Writing method to be removed type Mask ROM BIOS ROM BIOS Photolithography is programmable ROM (PROM) PROM Writer No ROM BIOS Erasable PROM EPROM / PROM Writer Yes, using EPROM Rewriter with ultraviolet light or shine right in the hole clear quartz. Electricly ROM BIOS EPROM EEPROM / EPROM / PROM Writer Yes, using Rewriter EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software. ROM BIOS Flash ROM EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM Yes, using Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board by using Flash BIOS Programmer software. Flash BIOS Display incurred by nvram current BIOS damage or when the CR-2032 lithium battery is discharged or removed from its slot

Though BIOS is stored in read only memory, BIOS settings are not stored in the ROM, (this is caused by the static nature of the ROM) but a separate chip called the Real-time clock (RTC), in the form of a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory ( NVRAM). NVRAM is also often referred to as Complimentary Metal-Oxide Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM), because it uses a CMOS fabrication method. Because it uses a method of making CMOS, NVRAM requires very little power to work. Although it is called non-volatile NVRAM chip is actually a volatile, so data stored on them may be erased easily if power is interrupted to live it. Therefore, the NVRAM "nourished" by a battery (like a calculator or clock battery) with a material with lithium CR-2032 series. A CR-2032 Lithium batteries can support NVRAM for three to five years. If the battery runs out of power, or the power is being supplied is lost (due to removed from the slot), then all the configuration will be restored to the standard conditions, as when the BIOS is programmed by the manufacturer. BIOS generally provide reports CMOS Checksum Error or NVRAM Checksum Error.
Update BIOS
BIOS is sometimes also referred to as firmware because it is a software that is stored in a storage medium that is read-only. This is true, because before 1995, the BIOS is always stored in a storage medium that can not be changed. Along with the increasing complexity of a computer system, the BIOS was then stored in the EEPROM or Flash memory that can be changed by the user, so it can be upgraded (to support emerging processors, a bug that interferes with the performance or other reasons). Nonetheless, the BIOS update process is not correct (due to improperly executed or is there something disturbing when the upgrade is implemented) can lead to sudden death motherboard, so the computer can not be used for any device capable of performing the boot process (BIOS) is not there or damaged.
Therefore, to avoid damage (corruption) to the BIOS, some motherboards have a backup BIOS. In addition, most BIOS also has a region in the EEPROM / Flash memory can not be upgraded, which is referred to as "Boot Block". Boot block is always executed first when the computer is turned on. This code may verify the BIOS, the BIOS code overall is still in fine condition (with error checking methods such as checksum, CRC, hash and other) before executing the BIOS. If the boot block detects that the BIOS become corrupted, the boot block will prompt the user to carry out re-programming the BIOS using a floppy disk with the flash memory programmer and a BIOS image of the same or better. Motherboard manufacturers often release updates the BIOS to increase the ability of their products or eliminate some annoying bugs.


The future of BIOS
BIOS has long been used in the PC industry, since the IBM PC was released on August 21, 1981. Since the BIOS is still running in real mode (real-mode) is slow, then the designers agreed to replace the PC BIOS with something better than the EFI BIOS (Extensible Firmware Interface) is derived from the architecture of IA-64 (Itanium).

makalah mulok

CHAPTER 1 Understanding Agriculture

   1. In Broad Meaning
Can be divided into three:
1. Agre Culture
2. According to Van Arstsen Opinion
3. Understanding the Public
1) Agre Culture
Agre of earth or land.
Culture is processing or farming.
Agre Culture ie cultivate or grow crops on a plot of land or land.

2) In the opinion of Van Arstsen
That dipergunakannya human activity is shown to obtain the results derived from plants or animals.

3) Understanding the Public
Ie activities related to the production process produces materials derived from the human needs of plants and animals are accompanied by efforts to renew, expand or reproductive and economic factors into account.

v Three Fields Associated with the plant

          II. Agricultural Sector
Includes:
· Agriculture food
Ex: rice and pulses
· Agriculture Horticulture
Derived from the word meaning Hortus gardens and Culture which means manage or grow crops in the garden.
Ex: Vegetables
· Kale
· Spinach
· Nuts
· Etc.
Fruits
· Rambutan
· Mango
· Guava
· Etc.
Ornamental plants
· Love waves (anthorium)
· Of the cactus stem



       III. Plantation Sector
Ex:
· Tea
· Palm
· Coffee
· Clove
· Rubber trees
· Etc.

This field has led towards industry (traded for the crowd), the results can not be entirely sold as processed themselves.
The goal is keindustrian and trade direction.


       IV. Forestry Sector
Ex:
· Teak
· Pine
· Rattan
· Etc.

NB:
The herbs are grown without planting (unintentionally). Plants are grown but grown (element purpose).


v Two Sector Associated With The Animals
Includes:
1) of Livestock
Ex:
Goat
Cattle
Poultry (chicken, anggsa, ducks, etc.)
2) Fisheries Sector
Ex:
Water: * Fresh: Nila, Cork, catfish, etc.
* Salted: Cob, Pari, etc.



   2. Understanding the Meaning of Agriculture Confined
That is an activity for planting.
Ex: vegetable





CHAPTER II. Pengerian Science Farming



                         Farming Science is the study of how people organize and coordinate the production of the form-factor facto nature and surrounding land as capital so as to provide the best possible benefits.
There are three factors in the farm:
· Land or natural
· Power
· Capital


                         Some definitions according to some experts:

   1. According to Daniel

                   Studies farming is a science that studies the ways farmers combine and operate a variety of factors of production such as land, labor and capital as the basis of how farmers choose the type and size of the branch in the form of farm crops or livestock so as to provide maximum results and continuous.


   2. According Efferson

                   Studies farming is the study of ways to organize and operate the farm unit is viewed from the point of efficiency and continuous opinion.


   3. According to Vink (1984)

                   Studies farming is the study of the norms that are used to manage the farm in order to obtain the highest possible revenue.


   4. According Prawikusumo (1990)

                   Studies farming memrupakan applied science to study that discusses how to make or use resources efficiently on a farm, ranch, or aquaculture. Moreover, it also can be interpreted as the study of how to make and implement decisions on agriculture, animal husbandry, or perikana to achieve the objectives that have been agreed by the farmer or rancher.












HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE BUSINESS TANI

A. History
1. Division of labor of women and men, "women cook and men wander".
2. Women expressed as a builder of the first culture since recorded find a variety of household items to support life, find a variety of plants, drugs and mixes, planting seeds, root crops and raising livestock.


Based on a search in the public eye can be classified into five:
1. Collection

                  That human activities to meet their needs by collecting what is or produced by nature such as forest, animals, minerals, sea, and river.
2. Agriculture

                  That human activities to develop or reproduction of plants and animals in order to better in terms of quantity, quality and economical.
This means that the low-cost production of high yield products with better quality as pest or disease resistance. At this stage, people have started to try with a specific purpose,
In agriculture there are two systems, namely:
1) System of agricultural fields with a factor that promotes the production of natural factors, always on the move looking for fertile land.
2) System settled agriculture with nature involve factors of production other than capital and labor. In this second system has been no effort to maintain and restore the fertility of the soil by cultivation, manufacture embankment, and good tillage.
The equation is equally natural or land use.
The difference is for the field to move settled land while not perpindah-move.
3.Perindustrian

                  That is human activity changing the form of agricultural products so as to meet human needs better.
There are three levels:
a. Simple by hand.
Ex: weaving and baking
b. With the help of machines
Ex: tofu, soy, meatballs, etc.
c. By using a fully automatic machine
Ex: cooking oil mills and rubber factories

There are three business scale:
a) Below: home industry
b) Medium: medium industries
c) Above: large industrial

4. Trade

                  That human activity to change the place, time and election results collection, agriculture, and industry so that the results are better.

Some of the activities in the trade:
1) Sertasi (sorting)
2) Storage
3) Transportation
4) Packaging (wrapped)
5) Delivery
6) Sales

5. Other services

                  That human activities to facilitate the course of the previous events. These services relate to money or rewards.


Farmer Business Developments


Science of farming developed in the United States in the year:
USA: (1874) developed by Robert I.P
(1895) developed by Andrew Boss and Hails
Indonesia: (1875) dikembangkn by a Dutch president Sollewyn Gelpke


                         He studied agricultural business for the sake of collecting taxes to be paid by farmers.

 

                         According Tohir (1983) based on the principle of social and economic objectives. The development of farming are classified in three categories, as follows:

   1. Agriculture which have characteristics Economical Kapatalis.
   2. Farming has a base-Economical-socialistic community.
   3. Farming has economic characteristics.







                         Basically farm grown steadily from the outset only aimed at producing food for the family's needs so that only a farm - self-sufficiency or subsitence. Therefore, the processing system is better then the resulting product can be marketed surplus and thus cultivate the farm - financial self-sufficiency. In the end because farming oriented base then becomes commercial farming.

                         Farming initially only manage crops later expanded to include various farm commodities so as not pure but mixed farming (Mixed Frming).


                         Family Farming and Agriculture Formulation


                         Mixed farming (Mixed Forming) covers a wide range of commodities, such as:
a) Crops
b) Horticulture (vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants)
c) Plantation crops
d) Fisheries and
e) farm
According to Suharto (1990) livestock farming can be classified into three types:
1) Businesses that are Traditional

                         Ex: small farmers or ranchers who have 1-2 large rumaninsia cattle, chickens and even a small village.
2) The backyard

                         Ex: farmer or rancher chicken, dairy, fish.
3) Commercial Enterprises

                         Ex: farmers or ranchers who have actually apply economic principles, and efisieni oriented profile.


                         Broadly speaking there are two forms of farming that has known the family farm (family farming) and agricultural companies (plantation, estate, enterprise). Generally is the purpose of farming are: family businesses, while others are an agricultural company.


                         The main differences between farming families and agricultural companies located in eight case are as follows:


                         1.Tujuan End

                         Is a farm family income (family farmincome) consisting of earnings, wages and family man own capital. Income is the difference between the value of production decreased by biaya.laba, wages and family labor and own capital interest is considered a unity that can not be separated again, while agricultural enterprises or end goal is to gain maximum profit is the difference between the value of production minus the cost.

                       


                         2.Bentuk Law

                         Family farm is not legal entities while agricultural firms generally have a legal entity such as: PT, Firm, and CV.

                         3.Luas Enterprises
Is a typical family farm small plots of land, while the company's extensive agriculture in general berlahan for orientation on efficiency and profitability.

                         4.Jumlah Capital

                         Is a family farm has broad unity smaller capital compared to agricultural enterprises.

                         5.Jumlah yank power in shed
Is the amount of energy devoted family unity farm size is bigger than the agricultural enterprise.

                         6.Unsur Farming

                         What distinguishes the family farm with agricultural companies located outside the paid labor. On the family farm involving farmers and families and personnel knowledgeable. While the vast power company only paid the other elements of the natural surroundings as well as land and capital are owned elements, both family farms and agricultural companies.

                         7.Sifat Enterprises

                         Is my family farm is generally subsistence, commercial, and commercial art (the transition from subsitense kekomersial) while commercial agricultural enterprise is always, always means profits with attention to quality and quantity products.

                         8.Pemanfaatan for agricultural products

                         Agricultural company always tries to utilize the results of the latest farming, even did not hesitate to pay for the advancement of research efforts, while the family farm because of limited capital, equipment and human capital that new breakthroughs depend on the results of research and development by the government through the Ministry of halls agricultural research and technology development and extension personnel.

Classification of Farming


                         Classification of farming can be divided into:

   1. The style and nature


                         According to the style and nature can be divided into two commercial and subsitence. Commercial farming have noticed the quality and quantity of farm products while subsitence only meet its own needs.

   2. Organization

                         According to his farming organizations to differentiate into three namely,
1) individual farm businesses

                 Farming is that the whole process was done by the farmers themselves and their families from planning cultivate the land, determined to marketing itself.
2) The Collective

                 Farming throughout the production process undertaken jointly by a group later in the results and benefits in kind. Examples of collective effort ever in Indonesia, namely the People's Sugarcane Intensification (TRI)
3) The Cooperative

                                          Agriculture which each process is done individually, only in some of the activities that are considered important in the work by the group, such as the purchase of inputs, pest eradication, marketing and manufacturing channels. Examples of cooperative farming is PIR (Nucleus Estate Smallholders), pear is a form of cooperation between the people of the plantation estates.

   3. Pattern

                         According to the pattern, the farm is divided into three namely:
1) The business specialized farm

                         Farming only try just one branch of farming, such as farm livestock, fisheries and farming farming crops.
2) The farm was not specifically

                         Farming is cultivating several business branches together but with strict limits.
3) Mixed farming business

                   Ie farming cultivating several branches together in a plot of land with no clear boundary. Ex: intercropping rice and mina.

   4. Type

                   By types, farming is divided into several types based commodities sought, such as chicken farming, goat farming, and farming corn. Each kind of animals and plants can be a type of farming.

CHAPTER III On Plants

A. Types of Cuttings

· Trunk
· Leaves
· Shoots
· Shoots

Connecting or grafeting there are three:
1. Connecting shoots or stems
2. side grafting
3. Connecting arrangement
Connecting shape is 2:
a. The form "\ /"
b. Forms "/ ..... \" tilt



Ornamental Plants Reproduce

       Ornamental Plants Plants are a particular kind of plant leaves, stems and flowers that can be arranged to beautify the environment to be more artistic and attractive.



B. Generative Propagation
If you want to obtain ornamental plant seeds with large numbers, multiplication can be done in generative (from seed), but the multiplication of the generative often have difficulty.
a. Some of the types of plants that are less known or difficult to obtain such as bottle palm seeds.
b. The growing process take long and complicated treatment.

There is a temporary seed germination of plants that process to be done in certain circumstances the glass house.


C. Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is done by using part of the plant to obtain new plants including vegetative propagation are as follows:
a. propagation cuttings, leaves, and shoots.

            Propagation is the most appropriate in the rainy season because the cuttings to form roots and shoots.
1. Stem Cuttings
Type of plant stems somewhat rough texture like dieffenbachia the longer formation process which is about 10 days. Type of plant stems rougher texture diacaena eg, Schefflera, kroton, longer root growth is 1 month.
2. Leaf Cuttings
Multiply plants by leaf cuttings do some types of plants such as: bagania, violces, sansifera, and various sekulen. Pieces leaves of these plants when grown in media terms diepenuhi will grow roots and shoots. Although not berbangkat leaves, leaf cuttings are planted in the media who do not have high humidity will easily wilt with leaves that do not have AKAT not be supplied water from the soil easily.



3. Cuttings Shoots
For certain plants plant natural perbanyakakannya divide mennghasilkan small pups (sutken) extends the length of the parent rods connected by a kind of curved shoots and roots that can grow as the state of the ground roots support items pembiakannya genus of plants that can be done with the shoot is ehlopophytum comosum (lity paris), and epitia eulgid (eternal love).
4. Propagation with the family
Forms of vegetative propagation of the simplest to use cuttings root clump (pols) many types of plants in a pot that has more than 1 berumpun including plant stems or potted plants berumpun is neprolepis, adiantum, calathea, and a large part of the palm.































CLOSING WORDS




Alhamdullahirobbil'alamin
Finally we can complete this paper.
If there kesalaha us in the writing and content of x-one zaki apologize, karean man is wrong and make mistakes.
Hopefully this book bermanfaar for us all. We say thank you.