INTER-INDONESIA
July 19, 1949. Inter-Indonesia Conference held in Yoyakarta. The conference is a follow up of the Roem-Royen agreement was attended by government delegations and delegations of the Republic of Indonesia Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (BFO). BFO established in Bandung on May 29, 1948 a consultative institution of the federal states are separated from RI. Prime Minister Pasundan country, Mr. Poeradiredja fair, and the Prime Minister of East Indonesia, Gde Agung, plays an important role in the formation BFO.BFO formed in Bandung of course inseparable from strategy van Mook establishing a puppet state in Indonesia that began in 1946. Some federal states joined in BFO still leaves traces van Mook.
But it does not mean BFO fully controlled by van Mook or Dutch. Even in some cases, BFO and van Mook opposing viewpoints. BFO who was born in Bandung Indonesia moves within the framework of an independent state, sovereign and form a federal state. BFO want these federations who is also sheltering under umbrellas RI United States of Indonesia.
This is different from the starting point with the van Mook jusrtu hope BFO could be the entrance to abolish the government of Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia precisely. Failure to fully control the BFO is what has led to the resignation of Van Mook as a person appointed by the Dutch government to seek the return of the colonial order. The reason for this was the reason the Dutch Government High Representative in Jakarta, Beel, also resigned from his post.
BFO were also playing a significant role in the release of the arrested officials RI Dutch Military Aggression II. The BFO leaders to take a stand that is not suspected by the Dutch Military Aggression II follows the sovereignty of a nation considered abusive in his homeland. Military Aggression II not only gave birth to the world of international sympathy, but sympathy for the federal states that were previously separated from RI.
In addition to discussing the fundamental aspects of technical planning to build and form the RIS, Conference Intern-Indonesia is also used as an internal consolidation before convening the Round Table Conference which began on August 23, 1949.
For the government of Indonesia itself, the willingness to hold Conference Inter-Indonesia is not merely the absence of a better alternative, but also because the Indonesian government no longer considers exactly BFO BFO planned by van Mook. Soekarno conference call this a "new trace" for the direction of the struggle of Indonesia.
The conference, which lasted until July 22 that dominated the discussion of technical concepts and RIS formation, particularly regarding the composition kenegaraaan following rights and responsibilities between central and local government.
One of the important decisions taken BFO is the attitude that drives the demand of the Republic of Indonesia to the Netherlands and internationally recognized Indonesian sovereignty. For that BFO and the GOI-Indonesia Conference on Internal formulate it take the form of cooperation between the RIS with the Dutch royal government.
Consensus is built through Intern-Indonesia Conference is a valuable capital for the government of Indonesia, particularly the Indonesian delegation yan dtunjuk to negotiate with the Dutch in the Round Table Conference (RTC) in The Hague. The presence of BFO and assertiveness to refuse intervention Gde Agung Dutch made the Indonesian government has a stronger legitimacy to negotiate with the Dutch in the RTC.
When the RTC has been completed, resulting in the recognition of sovereignty to Indonesia and consensus on the RIS, the representatives of the government of Indonesia and the BFO met again in Pejambon, Central Jakarta, on December 14, 1949. From this meeting agreed on the following RIS Constitution the federal state structure in the RIS.
CONFERENCE INTERN-INDONESIA
To deal with the Round Table Conference (RTC), the government of Indonesia needs to keep up BFO (Federal Voor Bijenkomst Overslag) Inter Conference held in Yogyakarta Indonesia on 19-22 July 1949, led by Vice President Drs. Mohammad Hatta with the decision:
1. Country Indonesia union approved the name of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) which berdasrkan democracy and federalism.
2. RIS will be led by a president who is assisted by ministers
3. RIS will receive sovereignty, both from the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
4. Armed Forces is the army national RIS, RIS President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces RIS
5. National defense is solely the government's rights RIS, negar-negra section will not have its own army.
The second session of the Conference on Inter selenggrakan Indonesia in Jakarta on July 30 with a decision:
1. Flag RIS is the Red and White
2. National anthem Indonesia Raya
3. RIS is the official language of Indonesia Bahsa
4. RI vice president selected RIS and BFO. Charging MPRS members left to the discretion of states whose number sixteen states. Both sides also agreed to establish a national preparatory committee tasked to prepare everything related to the implementation of the Round Table Conference.
Renville Agreement
The Indonesian delegation to the Renville agreement, looked at them and Agus Salim Ahmad Soebardjo.Perjanjian Renville is an agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands signed on January 17, 1948 on the deck of an American warship States as a neutral, USS Renville, which docked at the port of Tanjung Priok , Jakarta. Negotiations began on December 8, 1947 and is mediated by the Three Nation Commission (KTN), the Committee of Good Offices for Indonesia, which consists of the United States, Australia, and Belgium.
Delegation
The Indonesian delegation led by Prime Minister Amir Syarifuddin Harahap. The delegation was led by the Royal Dutch KNIL Colonel R. Abdul Kadir Wijoyoatmojo. U.S. delegation led by Frank Porter Graham.
Truce
The Government of Indonesia and the Netherlands prior to the August 17, 1947 agreed to a truce until the signing of the Renville Agreement, but the battle continues between the Dutch army with paramilitary-military camps are not included, and the occasional unit of TNI troops also clashed with the Dutch army, such as that occurred between Falkirk and Bekasi.
The contents of the agreement
1. Netherlands only recognized central Java, Yogyakarta and Sumatra as part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia
2. Approval of a demarcation line separating the occupied territory of Indonesia and the Netherlands
3. TNI must be pulled back from pocket areas in the occupied West Java and East Java, Indonesia in Yogyakarta
Post-agreement
As a result of the Renville Agreement, the Republicans must vacate occupied territories TNI, and in February 1948, the Division moved to Central Java Siliwangi.
Not all fighters Republican incorporated in various irregulars, such as Bambu Runcing Front and Laskar Hezbollah / Sabillilah under the leadership of Marijan Sekarmaji Kartosuwiryo, abide by the results of the Renville Agreement. They continue armed resistance against the Dutch army. After Sukarno and Hatta was arrested in Yogyakarta, BC Kartosuwiryo, who turned down the post of Defense Minister Amir Syarifuddin in the Cabinet, State Consider Indonesia's Lost and Dismissed, then he founded the Darul Islam / Islamic Army of Indonesia (DI / TII). Until August 7, 1949, in a region still dominated by the Dutch time, Kartosuwiryo declared the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia (NII).
Roem-Roijen Agreement
Atmosphere Beginning Round Table Conference. Looks: Prof. Dr. Supomo, Sastroamidjojo Ali, Mohammad Roem, Leimena, AK Pringgodigdo, Latuharhary, 14 April 1949
Dutch Foreign Minister van Roijen (recorded in December 1948, before leaving for New York in the course of negotiations the UN Security Council Resolution 67 that would force the Dutch to recognize the independence of Indonesia).
Roem-Roijen Agreement (also called Rum-Van Roijen Agreement) is an agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands that began on 14 April 1949 and finally signed on May 7, 1949 at the Hotel Des Indes, Jakarta. It took its name from the two leaders of the delegation, Mohammad Roem and Herman van Roijen. The purpose of this meeting is to resolve several issues regarding the independence of Indonesia before the Round Table Conference in The Hague in the same year. The agreement is very tough and require the presence of Bung Hatta from exile in the Pacific, as well as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX of Yogyakarta to reinforce the attitude of Sri Sultan HB IX of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta, where the lane IX says "Jogjakarta is de Republiek Indonesie" (Yogyakarta is the Republic of Indonesia).
Agreement
The results of this meeting are:
• The Indonesian armed forces will halt all guerrilla activity
• The Government of the Republic of Indonesia to attend the Round Table Conference
• The Government of the Republic of Indonesia returned to Yogyakarta
• Dutch armed forces will halt all military operations and release all prisoners of war
On June 22, a meeting was held and the other resulted in the decision:
• Sovereignty will be handed over to Indonesia in full and without conditions as per the agreement Renville in 1948
• The Netherlands and Indonesia will establish a partnership on a voluntary basis and equality
• East Indies would give up all rights, powers, and duties to Indonesia
Post-agreement
On July 6, Sukarno and Hatta returned from exile to Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the Republic of Indonesia. On July 13, the cabinet endorsed an agreement Hatta Roem-van Roijen and Sjafruddin Prawiranegara who was president of Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) from December 22, 1948 date of handing back its mandate to formally end the Sukarno and PDRI existence on July 13, 1949.
On August 3, the truce between the Dutch and Indonesia started on Java (11 August) and Sumatra (15 August). Round Table Conference to reach agreement on all the issues on the agenda, but the issue of Papua Netherlands.
Negotiations Linggarjati
Negotiations Linggarjati
Negotiations Linggarjati or sometimes also called Linggajati is a negotiation talks between Indonesia and the Netherlands in Linggarjati, West Java produce agreement on the status of Indonesia's independence. The results of the negotiations was signed at the Merdeka Palace on 15 November 1946 and ratified by the two countries on March 25, 1947.
•
Background
The entry of the diboncengi AFNEI NICA to Indonesia because of Japan set the 'status quo' in Indonesia resulted in conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands, for example, events such as the 10 November, in addition to the British government be responsible to resolve the political and military conflict in Asia, therefore, Sir Archibald Clark Kerr, British diplomats, invited Indonesia and the Netherlands to negotiate in Hooge Veluwe, but the talks failed because Indonesia requested the Dutch recognized sovereignty over Java, Sumatra and Madura Island, but the Dutch just want to acknowledge Indonesia on Java and Madura alone.
Preliminary Mission
In late August 1946, the British government sends Lord Killearn to Indonesia to complete the negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands. On October 7, 1946 held at the British Consulate General in Jakarta, Indonesia-Netherlands opened negotiations led by Lord Killearn. The talks produced a cease-fire agreement (October 14) and paved the way towards negotiations on Linggarjati which began on 11 November 1946.
The course of negotiations
Indonesia represented in these negotiations by Sutan Syahrir, Netherlands represented by a team called the General Committee and chaired by Wim Schermerhorn with HJ members van Mook, and Lord Killearn of England acted as a mediator in these negotiations.
The results of the negotiations
The results of the negotiations consists of 17 articles which contains, among other:
1. Dutch recognized the de facto territory of the Republic of Indonesia, Java, Sumatra and Madura.
2. Netherlands should leave the territory of Indonesia no later than January 1, 1949.
3. The Dutch and Indonesia Agree to establish the RIS.
4. In the form of RIS Indonesia have joined the Commonwealth / Commonwealth Indonesia and the Netherlands with the Netherlands crown as head of the union.
Pros and Cons of the people of Indonesia
Linggarjati Agreement raises the pros and cons among the people of Indonesia, for example, some parties like Masyumi, PNI, People's Party of Indonesia, and the People's Party Commoners. The parties stated that the agreement is a testament to the weakness of the Indonesian government to defend the sovereignty of Indonesia. To resolve this problem, the government issued Presidential Regulation No.. 6/1946, which aims to increase the members of the Central Indonesian National Committee for the government to have a voice in support of negotiations Linggarjati.
Violation of Agreement
Implementation of the results of these negotiations do not go smoothly. On July 20, 1947, the Governor General H.J. van Mook finally stated that the Netherlands no longer bound by this agreement, and on July 21, 1947, Dutch Military Aggression erupted I. This is the result of differences in interpretation between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
July 19, 1949. Inter-Indonesia Conference held in Yoyakarta. The conference is a follow up of the Roem-Royen agreement was attended by government delegations and delegations of the Republic of Indonesia Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (BFO). BFO established in Bandung on May 29, 1948 a consultative institution of the federal states are separated from RI. Prime Minister Pasundan country, Mr. Poeradiredja fair, and the Prime Minister of East Indonesia, Gde Agung, plays an important role in the formation BFO.BFO formed in Bandung of course inseparable from strategy van Mook establishing a puppet state in Indonesia that began in 1946. Some federal states joined in BFO still leaves traces van Mook.
But it does not mean BFO fully controlled by van Mook or Dutch. Even in some cases, BFO and van Mook opposing viewpoints. BFO who was born in Bandung Indonesia moves within the framework of an independent state, sovereign and form a federal state. BFO want these federations who is also sheltering under umbrellas RI United States of Indonesia.
This is different from the starting point with the van Mook jusrtu hope BFO could be the entrance to abolish the government of Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia precisely. Failure to fully control the BFO is what has led to the resignation of Van Mook as a person appointed by the Dutch government to seek the return of the colonial order. The reason for this was the reason the Dutch Government High Representative in Jakarta, Beel, also resigned from his post.
BFO were also playing a significant role in the release of the arrested officials RI Dutch Military Aggression II. The BFO leaders to take a stand that is not suspected by the Dutch Military Aggression II follows the sovereignty of a nation considered abusive in his homeland. Military Aggression II not only gave birth to the world of international sympathy, but sympathy for the federal states that were previously separated from RI.
In addition to discussing the fundamental aspects of technical planning to build and form the RIS, Conference Intern-Indonesia is also used as an internal consolidation before convening the Round Table Conference which began on August 23, 1949.
For the government of Indonesia itself, the willingness to hold Conference Inter-Indonesia is not merely the absence of a better alternative, but also because the Indonesian government no longer considers exactly BFO BFO planned by van Mook. Soekarno conference call this a "new trace" for the direction of the struggle of Indonesia.
The conference, which lasted until July 22 that dominated the discussion of technical concepts and RIS formation, particularly regarding the composition kenegaraaan following rights and responsibilities between central and local government.
One of the important decisions taken BFO is the attitude that drives the demand of the Republic of Indonesia to the Netherlands and internationally recognized Indonesian sovereignty. For that BFO and the GOI-Indonesia Conference on Internal formulate it take the form of cooperation between the RIS with the Dutch royal government.
Consensus is built through Intern-Indonesia Conference is a valuable capital for the government of Indonesia, particularly the Indonesian delegation yan dtunjuk to negotiate with the Dutch in the Round Table Conference (RTC) in The Hague. The presence of BFO and assertiveness to refuse intervention Gde Agung Dutch made the Indonesian government has a stronger legitimacy to negotiate with the Dutch in the RTC.
When the RTC has been completed, resulting in the recognition of sovereignty to Indonesia and consensus on the RIS, the representatives of the government of Indonesia and the BFO met again in Pejambon, Central Jakarta, on December 14, 1949. From this meeting agreed on the following RIS Constitution the federal state structure in the RIS.
CONFERENCE INTERN-INDONESIA
To deal with the Round Table Conference (RTC), the government of Indonesia needs to keep up BFO (Federal Voor Bijenkomst Overslag) Inter Conference held in Yogyakarta Indonesia on 19-22 July 1949, led by Vice President Drs. Mohammad Hatta with the decision:
1. Country Indonesia union approved the name of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) which berdasrkan democracy and federalism.
2. RIS will be led by a president who is assisted by ministers
3. RIS will receive sovereignty, both from the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
4. Armed Forces is the army national RIS, RIS President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces RIS
5. National defense is solely the government's rights RIS, negar-negra section will not have its own army.
The second session of the Conference on Inter selenggrakan Indonesia in Jakarta on July 30 with a decision:
1. Flag RIS is the Red and White
2. National anthem Indonesia Raya
3. RIS is the official language of Indonesia Bahsa
4. RI vice president selected RIS and BFO. Charging MPRS members left to the discretion of states whose number sixteen states. Both sides also agreed to establish a national preparatory committee tasked to prepare everything related to the implementation of the Round Table Conference.
Renville Agreement
The Indonesian delegation to the Renville agreement, looked at them and Agus Salim Ahmad Soebardjo.Perjanjian Renville is an agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands signed on January 17, 1948 on the deck of an American warship States as a neutral, USS Renville, which docked at the port of Tanjung Priok , Jakarta. Negotiations began on December 8, 1947 and is mediated by the Three Nation Commission (KTN), the Committee of Good Offices for Indonesia, which consists of the United States, Australia, and Belgium.
Delegation
The Indonesian delegation led by Prime Minister Amir Syarifuddin Harahap. The delegation was led by the Royal Dutch KNIL Colonel R. Abdul Kadir Wijoyoatmojo. U.S. delegation led by Frank Porter Graham.
Truce
The Government of Indonesia and the Netherlands prior to the August 17, 1947 agreed to a truce until the signing of the Renville Agreement, but the battle continues between the Dutch army with paramilitary-military camps are not included, and the occasional unit of TNI troops also clashed with the Dutch army, such as that occurred between Falkirk and Bekasi.
The contents of the agreement
1. Netherlands only recognized central Java, Yogyakarta and Sumatra as part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia
2. Approval of a demarcation line separating the occupied territory of Indonesia and the Netherlands
3. TNI must be pulled back from pocket areas in the occupied West Java and East Java, Indonesia in Yogyakarta
Post-agreement
As a result of the Renville Agreement, the Republicans must vacate occupied territories TNI, and in February 1948, the Division moved to Central Java Siliwangi.
Not all fighters Republican incorporated in various irregulars, such as Bambu Runcing Front and Laskar Hezbollah / Sabillilah under the leadership of Marijan Sekarmaji Kartosuwiryo, abide by the results of the Renville Agreement. They continue armed resistance against the Dutch army. After Sukarno and Hatta was arrested in Yogyakarta, BC Kartosuwiryo, who turned down the post of Defense Minister Amir Syarifuddin in the Cabinet, State Consider Indonesia's Lost and Dismissed, then he founded the Darul Islam / Islamic Army of Indonesia (DI / TII). Until August 7, 1949, in a region still dominated by the Dutch time, Kartosuwiryo declared the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia (NII).
Roem-Roijen Agreement
Atmosphere Beginning Round Table Conference. Looks: Prof. Dr. Supomo, Sastroamidjojo Ali, Mohammad Roem, Leimena, AK Pringgodigdo, Latuharhary, 14 April 1949
Dutch Foreign Minister van Roijen (recorded in December 1948, before leaving for New York in the course of negotiations the UN Security Council Resolution 67 that would force the Dutch to recognize the independence of Indonesia).
Roem-Roijen Agreement (also called Rum-Van Roijen Agreement) is an agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands that began on 14 April 1949 and finally signed on May 7, 1949 at the Hotel Des Indes, Jakarta. It took its name from the two leaders of the delegation, Mohammad Roem and Herman van Roijen. The purpose of this meeting is to resolve several issues regarding the independence of Indonesia before the Round Table Conference in The Hague in the same year. The agreement is very tough and require the presence of Bung Hatta from exile in the Pacific, as well as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX of Yogyakarta to reinforce the attitude of Sri Sultan HB IX of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta, where the lane IX says "Jogjakarta is de Republiek Indonesie" (Yogyakarta is the Republic of Indonesia).
Agreement
The results of this meeting are:
• The Indonesian armed forces will halt all guerrilla activity
• The Government of the Republic of Indonesia to attend the Round Table Conference
• The Government of the Republic of Indonesia returned to Yogyakarta
• Dutch armed forces will halt all military operations and release all prisoners of war
On June 22, a meeting was held and the other resulted in the decision:
• Sovereignty will be handed over to Indonesia in full and without conditions as per the agreement Renville in 1948
• The Netherlands and Indonesia will establish a partnership on a voluntary basis and equality
• East Indies would give up all rights, powers, and duties to Indonesia
Post-agreement
On July 6, Sukarno and Hatta returned from exile to Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the Republic of Indonesia. On July 13, the cabinet endorsed an agreement Hatta Roem-van Roijen and Sjafruddin Prawiranegara who was president of Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) from December 22, 1948 date of handing back its mandate to formally end the Sukarno and PDRI existence on July 13, 1949.
On August 3, the truce between the Dutch and Indonesia started on Java (11 August) and Sumatra (15 August). Round Table Conference to reach agreement on all the issues on the agenda, but the issue of Papua Netherlands.
Negotiations Linggarjati
Negotiations Linggarjati
Negotiations Linggarjati or sometimes also called Linggajati is a negotiation talks between Indonesia and the Netherlands in Linggarjati, West Java produce agreement on the status of Indonesia's independence. The results of the negotiations was signed at the Merdeka Palace on 15 November 1946 and ratified by the two countries on March 25, 1947.
•
Background
The entry of the diboncengi AFNEI NICA to Indonesia because of Japan set the 'status quo' in Indonesia resulted in conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands, for example, events such as the 10 November, in addition to the British government be responsible to resolve the political and military conflict in Asia, therefore, Sir Archibald Clark Kerr, British diplomats, invited Indonesia and the Netherlands to negotiate in Hooge Veluwe, but the talks failed because Indonesia requested the Dutch recognized sovereignty over Java, Sumatra and Madura Island, but the Dutch just want to acknowledge Indonesia on Java and Madura alone.
Preliminary Mission
In late August 1946, the British government sends Lord Killearn to Indonesia to complete the negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands. On October 7, 1946 held at the British Consulate General in Jakarta, Indonesia-Netherlands opened negotiations led by Lord Killearn. The talks produced a cease-fire agreement (October 14) and paved the way towards negotiations on Linggarjati which began on 11 November 1946.
The course of negotiations
Indonesia represented in these negotiations by Sutan Syahrir, Netherlands represented by a team called the General Committee and chaired by Wim Schermerhorn with HJ members van Mook, and Lord Killearn of England acted as a mediator in these negotiations.
The results of the negotiations
The results of the negotiations consists of 17 articles which contains, among other:
1. Dutch recognized the de facto territory of the Republic of Indonesia, Java, Sumatra and Madura.
2. Netherlands should leave the territory of Indonesia no later than January 1, 1949.
3. The Dutch and Indonesia Agree to establish the RIS.
4. In the form of RIS Indonesia have joined the Commonwealth / Commonwealth Indonesia and the Netherlands with the Netherlands crown as head of the union.
Pros and Cons of the people of Indonesia
Linggarjati Agreement raises the pros and cons among the people of Indonesia, for example, some parties like Masyumi, PNI, People's Party of Indonesia, and the People's Party Commoners. The parties stated that the agreement is a testament to the weakness of the Indonesian government to defend the sovereignty of Indonesia. To resolve this problem, the government issued Presidential Regulation No.. 6/1946, which aims to increase the members of the Central Indonesian National Committee for the government to have a voice in support of negotiations Linggarjati.
Violation of Agreement
Implementation of the results of these negotiations do not go smoothly. On July 20, 1947, the Governor General H.J. van Mook finally stated that the Netherlands no longer bound by this agreement, and on July 21, 1947, Dutch Military Aggression erupted I. This is the result of differences in interpretation between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
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