INTRODUCTION
Puja and we give our gratitude for the presence of GOD Almighty because we were given the pleasure, health, and opportunity to make PHYSICS papers from the lab that we have carried out. We make this paper this paper hopefully useful for those who read it.
In this paper will explain about the "hydrometer AND VISCOSITY". Hopefully with this paper can help us all to learn about how to use a hydrometer or a simple hydrometer.
Thus, this paper is expected to be a knowledge at once manfa'at fun for all of us and encourages us to study Physics in more depth.
May 4, 2012
Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORD 1
Sign up 2
CHAPTER I 3
I. Understanding Hydrometer ................................................ ............................................. 3
II. Definition 4
CHAPTER II REPORT 5
I. Step I. ............................................. lab work .......................................... 5
II. The results of lab 6
III. Explanation practicum I. .............................................. ............................................... 7
IV. Step work practicum II .............................................. ......................................... 8
V. The results of lab 9
VI. Explanation practicum II ............................................... ............................................. 13th
CHAPTER III 14th
CHAPTER IV 15th
INTRODUCTION
Hydrometer is an instrument for measuring the density of liquids. There are several types hirometer working archimedes law. One of them is the Baume hydrometer. The device is made of glass tubing so that when dipped into a liquid to float upright. Hydrometer weight equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the submerged part hydrometer. If the density of the liquid, the volume part terculup becomes more shallow, so the part that appears above the surface of the liquid becomes longer. Conversely, if the density of the liquid is small, hydrometer immersed deeper, so that the part that appears above the liquid surface is shorter.
Based on the above understanding of physics research or lab work that we have carried out aimed to determine the density of the liquid with a hydrometer.
Viscosity (thickness) can be friction on the fluid. Due to the viscosity of the fluid moving objects in the required style. Fluid, either liquid or gaseous substances have a viscosity. Liquid more viscous than gas, so that the motion of objects in the liquid will get a greater friction than in the gas.
The instrument used to measure the viscosity of liquids is viskosimeter. We have done experiments made viskosimeter aimed to determine the value of the coefficient of viscosity.
In this experiment, we used marbles as a burden or an object to be dropped when the load is dropped, then the velocity and viscosity of the liquid can be determined.
REPORT PRACTICUM I
Lab: Creating a hydrometer
Attractions: hydrostatics
Goal: Create, use, and understand simple hydrometer.
Tools / materials:
1. A drinking straw
2. A clay
3. Ruler
4. A small marker
Step work:
1. Sumbatlah end of the straw by using plasticine.
2. Enter two small nails into the straw.
3. Draw a line on the suction scale with each scale is 0.5 cm, and number them sequentially on the scale.
4. Use these tools to compare the density of the liquid below:
- Pure water,
- Syrup,
- Kerosene,
- Cooking oil.
5. Sort of liquid in step 4 of the density of the smallest to largest.
6. Explain how the principles of these tools work tools! (Use your understanding of the law of Archimedes to answer that question).
7. Discuss with your group of friends.
8. Compare the results of your activities with other groups.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT I
* EXPERIMENT 1 ON PURE WATER
If submerged into the fluid in the form of pure water, the object will sink partially terseut high as 1 cm. Buoyant force on the fluid in the form of pure water arises due to fluid pressure acting on the body. Pressure acting on the object that has a surface, will produce a force which causes the position of the object is perpendicular or vertical direction.
ρair = 1 gram/cm3.
* EXPERIMENT 2 ON COOKING OIL
If the object submerged into the fluid in the form of cooking oil then the object would sink as deep as 1.9 cm.
Upward pressure force is smaller than the object that is inserted into the fluid in the form of pure water, Because the type of oil is greater than in the type of water.
To find ρbenda use formula.
ρbenda = ρukur - ρ indicator
Minyakgoreng = ρ - ρ water
= 2-1
= 1 gram/cm3
* EXPERIMENT 3 THE SYRUP
If we insert objects into the fluid in the form of syrup, then what happens to the object is the object will sink as deep as 0.8 cm.
To measure ρ objects, use the formula;
Ρbenda = + ρukur ρindikator
= 0.8 + 1
= 1.8 g / c
EXPLANATION PRACTICUM I
From the physics lab experiment that we have carried out we get kesimpulam that a hydrometer floating in the liquid. If the density of liquid water the volume of the submerged portion becomes more shallow, so the part that appears above the surface of the liquid becomes longer, and vice versa if the density of the liquid is small then hydrometer immersed more deeply, so that the part that appears above the surface of the liquid shorter .
From the moment we were laboratory experiments using fluid type of pure water, cooking oil and syrup, from the experiments we have done we get a result that is the style press up on the hydrometer smaller fluid occurs in the form of oil, because the density of the cooking oil Fulida greater than pure water and syrup form.
REPORT PRACTICUM II
PRACTICUM: Creating Viskosimeter
OBJECT: Viscosity
GOAL: Create, use, and understand simple viskosimeter
EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL:
1. A marble
2. Water
3. Cooking oil
4. Syrup
5. Ruler
6. Markers / pens
7. Measuring cup
8. Beaker
9. Thermometer
STEP WORK:
1. Measure the radius of marbles.
2. Calculate the volume of marbles.
3. Add water into the beaker 50 ml.
4. Enter into the glass marbles, marbles and measure the speed of the experiment three times.
5. Calculate the altitude of the water after the insert marbles.
6. Measure the temperature of the fluid in the air.
7. Measure the temperature of the fluid for 1 minute.
8. Use these tools to find the value of the viscosity of liquids following:
Ø Pure water
Ø Cooking oil
Ø Syrup
9. Sort experiments using the liquid, and each liquid experiments performed three times.
10. Explain how the principle of such a device!
11. Discuss with your group of friends.
12. Compare the results of your activities with other groups.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT II
Ø Finding volume marbles
Diskette:
* R = 0.5 cm marbles
* Π = 3.14
* V = 4/3
Answer:
V = 4/3
= 4/3 x 3.14 x (0.5
= 0.52 c
= 0.0052
Ø I EXPERIMENT USING WATER
Diskette:
* H water before putting marbles = 11.5 cm
* H water after put marbles = 12 cm
* Finding the average speed after three experiment:
i. 1.75 s
ii. 1.75 s
iii. 1.57 s
ΔV = i + ii + iii
3
= 1.75 +1.75 +1.57
3
= 5.07
3
= 1.69 m / s
* Looking temperature fluid / zatcair:
Diskette:
* T 1 = 28
* T 2 = 24.5
said:
t = t 1 - t 2
= 28 to 24.5
= 2.5
Ø EXPERIMENT II USE SYRUP
Diskette:
* H syrup before putting marbles = 11.5 cm
* H syrup after put marbles = 12.3 cm
* Finding the average speed after three experiment:
i. 3.55 s
ii. 3.49 s
iii. 3.81 s
ΔV = i + ii + iii
3
= 3.55 +3.49 +3.81
3
= 10.85
3
= 3.61 m / s
* Looking temperature fluid / zatcair:
Diskette:
* T 1 = 30
* T 2 = 27
said:
t = t 1 - t 2
= 30-27
= 3
Ø FIND VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT (η)
Diskette:
g = 10 m /
r = 0, m
ρb = 3.5 g / c
ρf = 1 g / c
s = 15 cm = 0.15 m
t = 0.45 s
said:
* V = s / t
= 0.15 / 0.45
= 0.33 m / s
= 33 x 1 m / s
* Η = 2.g. (Ρb-ρf)
9.V
= 2 x 10 x (0.5 (3.5 - 1)
9 x 0.33
= 12.5
2.97
= 4.208 Ns /.
EXPLANATION PRACTICUM II
Of physics experiments that we have carried out, we got the conclusion that the viscosity of symptoms that can be observed, while dropping a marble into a glass beaker containing cooking oil, marbles will move slowed due to fluid friction. When the marbles fall in a fluid (minyakgoreng) within a specified time marbles experiencing constant acceleration.
Of the three fluid that we've tried, experiment cooking oil had stated that the frictional force is greater, because the cooking oil more viscous, fluid such as air has a low viscosity, denser fluid like water has a higher viscosity than air, whereas a fluid such as oil fried and syrup has a higher viscosity.
But in our experiment, we often get an error because the tools used are simple tools.
Conclusion
From the physics lab experiment that we have carried out we get kesimpulam that a hydrometer floating in the liquid. If the density of liquid water the volume of the submerged portion becomes more shallow, so the part that appears above the surface of the liquid becomes longer, and vice versa if the density of the liquid is small then hydrometer immersed more deeply, so that the part that appears above the surface of the liquid shorter .
From the moment we were laboratory experiments using fluid type of pure water, cooking oil and syrup, from the experiments we have done we get a result that is the style press up on the hydrometer smaller fluid occurs in the form of oil, because the density of the cooking oil Fulida greater than pure water and syrup form.
And from the experiments that we have carried viskosimeter, we got the conclusion that the more viscous a fluid the viscosity is greater, for example, from the experiments that we performed using a fluid form, water, syrup, and oil goreng.Kami to the conclusion that, pace marbles that fell kedasar slowest fluid is oil, as compared to water and syrup, cooking oil is the most condensed.
CLOSING WORDS
Praise be to God we give thanks to Almighty for His grace and guidance we were able to complete the task of making papers of Physics with lab results as mungkin.Semoga what we do can be useful for the study.
If in the manufacture of this paper there is an error we ask ma'af profusely.
We hope that this paper may be better for that we expect criticism and suggestions for the reader as well.
Wassalamu'alaikum WR.WB
Puja and we give our gratitude for the presence of GOD Almighty because we were given the pleasure, health, and opportunity to make PHYSICS papers from the lab that we have carried out. We make this paper this paper hopefully useful for those who read it.
In this paper will explain about the "hydrometer AND VISCOSITY". Hopefully with this paper can help us all to learn about how to use a hydrometer or a simple hydrometer.
Thus, this paper is expected to be a knowledge at once manfa'at fun for all of us and encourages us to study Physics in more depth.
May 4, 2012
Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORD 1
Sign up 2
CHAPTER I 3
I. Understanding Hydrometer ................................................ ............................................. 3
II. Definition 4
CHAPTER II REPORT 5
I. Step I. ............................................. lab work .......................................... 5
II. The results of lab 6
III. Explanation practicum I. .............................................. ............................................... 7
IV. Step work practicum II .............................................. ......................................... 8
V. The results of lab 9
VI. Explanation practicum II ............................................... ............................................. 13th
CHAPTER III 14th
CHAPTER IV 15th
INTRODUCTION
Hydrometer is an instrument for measuring the density of liquids. There are several types hirometer working archimedes law. One of them is the Baume hydrometer. The device is made of glass tubing so that when dipped into a liquid to float upright. Hydrometer weight equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the submerged part hydrometer. If the density of the liquid, the volume part terculup becomes more shallow, so the part that appears above the surface of the liquid becomes longer. Conversely, if the density of the liquid is small, hydrometer immersed deeper, so that the part that appears above the liquid surface is shorter.
Based on the above understanding of physics research or lab work that we have carried out aimed to determine the density of the liquid with a hydrometer.
Viscosity (thickness) can be friction on the fluid. Due to the viscosity of the fluid moving objects in the required style. Fluid, either liquid or gaseous substances have a viscosity. Liquid more viscous than gas, so that the motion of objects in the liquid will get a greater friction than in the gas.
The instrument used to measure the viscosity of liquids is viskosimeter. We have done experiments made viskosimeter aimed to determine the value of the coefficient of viscosity.
In this experiment, we used marbles as a burden or an object to be dropped when the load is dropped, then the velocity and viscosity of the liquid can be determined.
REPORT PRACTICUM I
Lab: Creating a hydrometer
Attractions: hydrostatics
Goal: Create, use, and understand simple hydrometer.
Tools / materials:
1. A drinking straw
2. A clay
3. Ruler
4. A small marker
Step work:
1. Sumbatlah end of the straw by using plasticine.
2. Enter two small nails into the straw.
3. Draw a line on the suction scale with each scale is 0.5 cm, and number them sequentially on the scale.
4. Use these tools to compare the density of the liquid below:
- Pure water,
- Syrup,
- Kerosene,
- Cooking oil.
5. Sort of liquid in step 4 of the density of the smallest to largest.
6. Explain how the principles of these tools work tools! (Use your understanding of the law of Archimedes to answer that question).
7. Discuss with your group of friends.
8. Compare the results of your activities with other groups.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT I
* EXPERIMENT 1 ON PURE WATER
If submerged into the fluid in the form of pure water, the object will sink partially terseut high as 1 cm. Buoyant force on the fluid in the form of pure water arises due to fluid pressure acting on the body. Pressure acting on the object that has a surface, will produce a force which causes the position of the object is perpendicular or vertical direction.
ρair = 1 gram/cm3.
* EXPERIMENT 2 ON COOKING OIL
If the object submerged into the fluid in the form of cooking oil then the object would sink as deep as 1.9 cm.
Upward pressure force is smaller than the object that is inserted into the fluid in the form of pure water, Because the type of oil is greater than in the type of water.
To find ρbenda use formula.
ρbenda = ρukur - ρ indicator
Minyakgoreng = ρ - ρ water
= 2-1
= 1 gram/cm3
* EXPERIMENT 3 THE SYRUP
If we insert objects into the fluid in the form of syrup, then what happens to the object is the object will sink as deep as 0.8 cm.
To measure ρ objects, use the formula;
Ρbenda = + ρukur ρindikator
= 0.8 + 1
= 1.8 g / c
EXPLANATION PRACTICUM I
From the physics lab experiment that we have carried out we get kesimpulam that a hydrometer floating in the liquid. If the density of liquid water the volume of the submerged portion becomes more shallow, so the part that appears above the surface of the liquid becomes longer, and vice versa if the density of the liquid is small then hydrometer immersed more deeply, so that the part that appears above the surface of the liquid shorter .
From the moment we were laboratory experiments using fluid type of pure water, cooking oil and syrup, from the experiments we have done we get a result that is the style press up on the hydrometer smaller fluid occurs in the form of oil, because the density of the cooking oil Fulida greater than pure water and syrup form.
REPORT PRACTICUM II
PRACTICUM: Creating Viskosimeter
OBJECT: Viscosity
GOAL: Create, use, and understand simple viskosimeter
EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL:
1. A marble
2. Water
3. Cooking oil
4. Syrup
5. Ruler
6. Markers / pens
7. Measuring cup
8. Beaker
9. Thermometer
STEP WORK:
1. Measure the radius of marbles.
2. Calculate the volume of marbles.
3. Add water into the beaker 50 ml.
4. Enter into the glass marbles, marbles and measure the speed of the experiment three times.
5. Calculate the altitude of the water after the insert marbles.
6. Measure the temperature of the fluid in the air.
7. Measure the temperature of the fluid for 1 minute.
8. Use these tools to find the value of the viscosity of liquids following:
Ø Pure water
Ø Cooking oil
Ø Syrup
9. Sort experiments using the liquid, and each liquid experiments performed three times.
10. Explain how the principle of such a device!
11. Discuss with your group of friends.
12. Compare the results of your activities with other groups.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT II
Ø Finding volume marbles
Diskette:
* R = 0.5 cm marbles
* Π = 3.14
* V = 4/3
Answer:
V = 4/3
= 4/3 x 3.14 x (0.5
= 0.52 c
= 0.0052
Ø I EXPERIMENT USING WATER
Diskette:
* H water before putting marbles = 11.5 cm
* H water after put marbles = 12 cm
* Finding the average speed after three experiment:
i. 1.75 s
ii. 1.75 s
iii. 1.57 s
ΔV = i + ii + iii
3
= 1.75 +1.75 +1.57
3
= 5.07
3
= 1.69 m / s
* Looking temperature fluid / zatcair:
Diskette:
* T 1 = 28
* T 2 = 24.5
said:
t = t 1 - t 2
= 28 to 24.5
= 2.5
Ø EXPERIMENT II USE SYRUP
Diskette:
* H syrup before putting marbles = 11.5 cm
* H syrup after put marbles = 12.3 cm
* Finding the average speed after three experiment:
i. 3.55 s
ii. 3.49 s
iii. 3.81 s
ΔV = i + ii + iii
3
= 3.55 +3.49 +3.81
3
= 10.85
3
= 3.61 m / s
* Looking temperature fluid / zatcair:
Diskette:
* T 1 = 30
* T 2 = 27
said:
t = t 1 - t 2
= 30-27
= 3
Ø FIND VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT (η)
Diskette:
g = 10 m /
r = 0, m
ρb = 3.5 g / c
ρf = 1 g / c
s = 15 cm = 0.15 m
t = 0.45 s
said:
* V = s / t
= 0.15 / 0.45
= 0.33 m / s
= 33 x 1 m / s
* Η = 2.g. (Ρb-ρf)
9.V
= 2 x 10 x (0.5 (3.5 - 1)
9 x 0.33
= 12.5
2.97
= 4.208 Ns /.
EXPLANATION PRACTICUM II
Of physics experiments that we have carried out, we got the conclusion that the viscosity of symptoms that can be observed, while dropping a marble into a glass beaker containing cooking oil, marbles will move slowed due to fluid friction. When the marbles fall in a fluid (minyakgoreng) within a specified time marbles experiencing constant acceleration.
Of the three fluid that we've tried, experiment cooking oil had stated that the frictional force is greater, because the cooking oil more viscous, fluid such as air has a low viscosity, denser fluid like water has a higher viscosity than air, whereas a fluid such as oil fried and syrup has a higher viscosity.
But in our experiment, we often get an error because the tools used are simple tools.
Conclusion
From the physics lab experiment that we have carried out we get kesimpulam that a hydrometer floating in the liquid. If the density of liquid water the volume of the submerged portion becomes more shallow, so the part that appears above the surface of the liquid becomes longer, and vice versa if the density of the liquid is small then hydrometer immersed more deeply, so that the part that appears above the surface of the liquid shorter .
From the moment we were laboratory experiments using fluid type of pure water, cooking oil and syrup, from the experiments we have done we get a result that is the style press up on the hydrometer smaller fluid occurs in the form of oil, because the density of the cooking oil Fulida greater than pure water and syrup form.
And from the experiments that we have carried viskosimeter, we got the conclusion that the more viscous a fluid the viscosity is greater, for example, from the experiments that we performed using a fluid form, water, syrup, and oil goreng.Kami to the conclusion that, pace marbles that fell kedasar slowest fluid is oil, as compared to water and syrup, cooking oil is the most condensed.
CLOSING WORDS
Praise be to God we give thanks to Almighty for His grace and guidance we were able to complete the task of making papers of Physics with lab results as mungkin.Semoga what we do can be useful for the study.
If in the manufacture of this paper there is an error we ask ma'af profusely.
We hope that this paper may be better for that we expect criticism and suggestions for the reader as well.
Wassalamu'alaikum WR.WB
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