BIOS
BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, a computer system or IBM PC compatibles (computer based on the Intel x86 family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:
1. Initialization (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)
2. Load and run an operating system
3. Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration of the boot process, performance and stability of your computer)
4. Helps operating systems and applications in process hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.
BIOS provides a low-level communication interfaces, and can control many types of hardware (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS generally made using assembly language (assembly) that is used by the machine in question.
The term first appeared in the BIOS operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS), which functions the same way as CP / M disk BIOS.
Said BIOS also can be interpreted as "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).
Component BIOS
In the BIOS, there are some basic components, are as follows:
Examples of CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)
* The BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management, the performance of the computer, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access hardware that is quite tricky if done directly.
* Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processors, and some other device to the base operating system 16-bit (in this case a family DOS).
* Program major bootstraper that allows computers to make the process of booting into the operating system installed.
ROM and NVRAM
BIOS is also often referred to as the ROM BIOS because initially BIOS is stored in read-only memory chip (ROM) on the motherboard. Why is stored in ROM, is that the BIOS can be executed when the computer is turned on, without having to wait for a turn on the first penyipanan media (which takes longer). BIOS in modern PC is stored in a ROM chip that can be electrically re-writeable or Flash ROM. That's why, now more popularly called Flash BIOS than the ROM BIOS. Here are some chip ROM BIOS is used as a storage area.
Type of ROM
Ways of writing
Can be removed
Type BIOS
Mask ROM
Photolithography
No
ROM BIOS
Programmable ROM (PROM)
PROM Writer
No
ROM BIOS
Erasable PROM
EPROM / PROM Writer
Yes, using EPROM Rewriter with ultraviolet light or shine right in the hole clear quartz.
ROM BIOS
Electricly EPROM
EEPROM / EPROM / PROM Writer
Yes, using Rewriter EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software.
ROM BIOS
Flash ROM
EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM
Yes, using Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board by using Flash BIOS Programmer software.
Flash BIOS
Display incurred by nvram current BIOS damage or when the CR-2032 lithium battery is discharged or removed from its slot
Though BIOS is stored in read only memory, BIOS settings are not stored in the ROM, (this is caused by the static nature of the ROM) but a separate chip called the Real-time clock (RTC), in the form of a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory ( NVRAM). NVRAM is also often referred to as Complimentary Metal-Oxide Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM), because it uses a CMOS fabrication method. Because it uses a method of making CMOS, NVRAM requires very little power to work. Although it is called non-volatile NVRAM chip is actually a volatile, so data stored on them may be erased easily if power is interrupted to live it. Therefore, the NVRAM "nourished" by a battery (like a calculator or clock battery) with a material with lithium CR-2032 series. A CR-2032 Lithium batteries can support NVRAM for three to five years. If the battery runs out of power, or the power is being supplied is lost (due to removed from the slot), then all the configuration will be restored to the standard conditions, as when the BIOS is programmed by the manufacturer. BIOS generally provide reports CMOS Checksum Error or NVRAM Checksum Error.
= BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, a computer system or IBM PC compatibles (computer based on the Intel x86 family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:
1. Initialization (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)
2. Load and run an operating system
3. Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration process
booting, performance and stability of your computer)
4. Helps operating systems and applications in process hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.
BIOS provides a low-level communication interfaces, and can control many types of hardware (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS generally made using assembly language (assembly) that is used by the machine in question.
The term first appeared in the BIOS operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS), which functions the same way as CP / M disk BIOS.
Said BIOS also can be interpreted as "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).
Component BIOS
In the BIOS, there are some basic components, are as follows: Example of CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)
* The BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management
electrical, computer performance, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access the hardware
quite complicated if done directly.
* Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processor and multiple devices
other base operating system 16-bit (in this case a family DOS).
* Program major bootstraper that allows computers to make the process of booting into the operating system installed.
ROM and NVRAM
BIOS is also often referred to as the ROM BIOS because initially BIOS is stored in read-only memory chip (ROM) on the motherboard. Why is stored in ROM, is that the BIOS can be executed when the computer is turned on, without having to wait for a turn on the first penyipanan media (which takes longer). BIOS in modern PC is stored in a ROM chip that can be electrically re-writeable or Flash ROM. That's why, now more popularly called Flash BIOS than the ROM BIOS. Here are some chip ROM BIOS is used as a storage area. ROM Type Writing method to be removed type Mask ROM BIOS ROM BIOS Photolithography is programmable ROM (PROM) PROM Writer No ROM BIOS Erasable PROM EPROM / PROM Writer Yes, using EPROM Rewriter with ultraviolet light or shine right in the hole clear quartz. Electricly ROM BIOS EPROM EEPROM / EPROM / PROM Writer Yes, using Rewriter EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software. ROM BIOS Flash ROM EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM Yes, using Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board by using Flash BIOS Programmer software. Flash BIOS Display incurred by nvram current BIOS damage or when the CR-2032 lithium battery is discharged or removed from its slot
Though BIOS is stored in read only memory, BIOS settings are not stored in the ROM, (this is caused by the static nature of the ROM) but a separate chip called the Real-time clock (RTC), in the form of a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory ( NVRAM). NVRAM is also often referred to as Complimentary Metal-Oxide Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM), because it uses a CMOS fabrication method. Because it uses a method of making CMOS, NVRAM requires very little power to work. Although it is called non-volatile NVRAM chip is actually a volatile, so data stored on them may be erased easily if power is interrupted to live it. Therefore, the NVRAM "nourished" by a battery (like a calculator or clock battery) with a material with lithium CR-2032 series. A CR-2032 Lithium batteries can support NVRAM for three to five years. If the battery runs out of power, or the power is being supplied is lost (due to removed from the slot), then all the configuration will be restored to the standard conditions, as when the BIOS is programmed by the manufacturer. BIOS generally provide reports CMOS Checksum Error or NVRAM Checksum Error.
Update BIOS
BIOS is sometimes also referred to as firmware because it is a software that is stored in a storage medium that is read-only. This is true, because before 1995, the BIOS is always stored in a storage medium that can not be changed. Along with the increasing complexity of a computer system, the BIOS was then stored in the EEPROM or Flash memory that can be changed by the user, so it can be upgraded (to support emerging processors, a bug that interferes with the performance or other reasons). Nonetheless, the BIOS update process is not correct (due to improperly executed or is there something disturbing when the upgrade is implemented) can lead to sudden death motherboard, so the computer can not be used for any device capable of performing the boot process (BIOS) is not there or damaged.
Therefore, to avoid damage (corruption) to the BIOS, some motherboards have a backup BIOS. In addition, most BIOS also has a region in the EEPROM / Flash memory can not be upgraded, which is referred to as "Boot Block". Boot block is always executed first when the computer is turned on. This code may verify the BIOS, the BIOS code overall is still in fine condition (with error checking methods such as checksum, CRC, hash and other) before executing the BIOS. If the boot block detects that the BIOS become corrupted, the boot block will prompt the user to carry out re-programming the BIOS using a floppy disk with the flash memory programmer and a BIOS image of the same or better. Motherboard manufacturers often release updates the BIOS to increase the ability of their products or eliminate some annoying bugs.
The future of BIOS
BIOS has long been used in the PC industry, since the IBM PC was released on August 21, 1981. Since the BIOS is still running in real mode (real-mode) is slow, then the designers agreed to replace the PC BIOS with something better than the EFI BIOS (Extensible Firmware Interface) is derived from the architecture of IA-64 (Itanium).
BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, a computer system or IBM PC compatibles (computer based on the Intel x86 family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:
1. Initialization (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)
2. Load and run an operating system
3. Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration of the boot process, performance and stability of your computer)
4. Helps operating systems and applications in process hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.
BIOS provides a low-level communication interfaces, and can control many types of hardware (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS generally made using assembly language (assembly) that is used by the machine in question.
The term first appeared in the BIOS operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS), which functions the same way as CP / M disk BIOS.
Said BIOS also can be interpreted as "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).
Component BIOS
In the BIOS, there are some basic components, are as follows:
Examples of CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)
* The BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management, the performance of the computer, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access hardware that is quite tricky if done directly.
* Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processors, and some other device to the base operating system 16-bit (in this case a family DOS).
* Program major bootstraper that allows computers to make the process of booting into the operating system installed.
ROM and NVRAM
BIOS is also often referred to as the ROM BIOS because initially BIOS is stored in read-only memory chip (ROM) on the motherboard. Why is stored in ROM, is that the BIOS can be executed when the computer is turned on, without having to wait for a turn on the first penyipanan media (which takes longer). BIOS in modern PC is stored in a ROM chip that can be electrically re-writeable or Flash ROM. That's why, now more popularly called Flash BIOS than the ROM BIOS. Here are some chip ROM BIOS is used as a storage area.
Type of ROM
Ways of writing
Can be removed
Type BIOS
Mask ROM
Photolithography
No
ROM BIOS
Programmable ROM (PROM)
PROM Writer
No
ROM BIOS
Erasable PROM
EPROM / PROM Writer
Yes, using EPROM Rewriter with ultraviolet light or shine right in the hole clear quartz.
ROM BIOS
Electricly EPROM
EEPROM / EPROM / PROM Writer
Yes, using Rewriter EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software.
ROM BIOS
Flash ROM
EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM
Yes, using Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board by using Flash BIOS Programmer software.
Flash BIOS
Display incurred by nvram current BIOS damage or when the CR-2032 lithium battery is discharged or removed from its slot
Though BIOS is stored in read only memory, BIOS settings are not stored in the ROM, (this is caused by the static nature of the ROM) but a separate chip called the Real-time clock (RTC), in the form of a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory ( NVRAM). NVRAM is also often referred to as Complimentary Metal-Oxide Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM), because it uses a CMOS fabrication method. Because it uses a method of making CMOS, NVRAM requires very little power to work. Although it is called non-volatile NVRAM chip is actually a volatile, so data stored on them may be erased easily if power is interrupted to live it. Therefore, the NVRAM "nourished" by a battery (like a calculator or clock battery) with a material with lithium CR-2032 series. A CR-2032 Lithium batteries can support NVRAM for three to five years. If the battery runs out of power, or the power is being supplied is lost (due to removed from the slot), then all the configuration will be restored to the standard conditions, as when the BIOS is programmed by the manufacturer. BIOS generally provide reports CMOS Checksum Error or NVRAM Checksum Error.
= BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, a computer system or IBM PC compatibles (computer based on the Intel x86 family) refers to a collection of software routines that can do the following things:
1. Initialization (ignition) and the testing of the hardware (in a process called the Power On Self Test, POST)
2. Load and run an operating system
3. Set some basic configuration of the computer (date, time, storage configuration, the configuration process
booting, performance and stability of your computer)
4. Helps operating systems and applications in process hardware settings using the BIOS Runtime Services.
BIOS provides a low-level communication interfaces, and can control many types of hardware (like keyboards). Because of its proximity to the hardware, the BIOS generally made using assembly language (assembly) that is used by the machine in question.
The term first appeared in the BIOS operating system CP / M, which is part of CP / M loaded during the boot process starts dealing directly with the hardware (some machines running CP / M has a simple boot loader in ROM). Most versions of DOS have a file called "IBMBIO.COM" (IBM PC-DOS) or "IO.SYS" (MS-DOS), which functions the same way as CP / M disk BIOS.
Said BIOS also can be interpreted as "life" in Greek literature (Βίος).
Component BIOS
In the BIOS, there are some basic components, are as follows: Example of CMOS Setup (Phoenix BIOS)
* The BIOS Setup program that allows users to change the configuration of the computer (hard disk type, disk drives, power management
electrical, computer performance, etc.) as desired. BIOS hides the details of how to access the hardware
quite complicated if done directly.
* Driver for the basic hardware devices, such as video adapters, input devices, processor and multiple devices
other base operating system 16-bit (in this case a family DOS).
* Program major bootstraper that allows computers to make the process of booting into the operating system installed.
ROM and NVRAM
BIOS is also often referred to as the ROM BIOS because initially BIOS is stored in read-only memory chip (ROM) on the motherboard. Why is stored in ROM, is that the BIOS can be executed when the computer is turned on, without having to wait for a turn on the first penyipanan media (which takes longer). BIOS in modern PC is stored in a ROM chip that can be electrically re-writeable or Flash ROM. That's why, now more popularly called Flash BIOS than the ROM BIOS. Here are some chip ROM BIOS is used as a storage area. ROM Type Writing method to be removed type Mask ROM BIOS ROM BIOS Photolithography is programmable ROM (PROM) PROM Writer No ROM BIOS Erasable PROM EPROM / PROM Writer Yes, using EPROM Rewriter with ultraviolet light or shine right in the hole clear quartz. Electricly ROM BIOS EPROM EEPROM / EPROM / PROM Writer Yes, using Rewriter EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software. ROM BIOS Flash ROM EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM Yes, using Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board by using Flash BIOS Programmer software. Flash BIOS Display incurred by nvram current BIOS damage or when the CR-2032 lithium battery is discharged or removed from its slot
Though BIOS is stored in read only memory, BIOS settings are not stored in the ROM, (this is caused by the static nature of the ROM) but a separate chip called the Real-time clock (RTC), in the form of a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory ( NVRAM). NVRAM is also often referred to as Complimentary Metal-Oxide Random Access Memory (CMOS RAM), because it uses a CMOS fabrication method. Because it uses a method of making CMOS, NVRAM requires very little power to work. Although it is called non-volatile NVRAM chip is actually a volatile, so data stored on them may be erased easily if power is interrupted to live it. Therefore, the NVRAM "nourished" by a battery (like a calculator or clock battery) with a material with lithium CR-2032 series. A CR-2032 Lithium batteries can support NVRAM for three to five years. If the battery runs out of power, or the power is being supplied is lost (due to removed from the slot), then all the configuration will be restored to the standard conditions, as when the BIOS is programmed by the manufacturer. BIOS generally provide reports CMOS Checksum Error or NVRAM Checksum Error.
Update BIOS
BIOS is sometimes also referred to as firmware because it is a software that is stored in a storage medium that is read-only. This is true, because before 1995, the BIOS is always stored in a storage medium that can not be changed. Along with the increasing complexity of a computer system, the BIOS was then stored in the EEPROM or Flash memory that can be changed by the user, so it can be upgraded (to support emerging processors, a bug that interferes with the performance or other reasons). Nonetheless, the BIOS update process is not correct (due to improperly executed or is there something disturbing when the upgrade is implemented) can lead to sudden death motherboard, so the computer can not be used for any device capable of performing the boot process (BIOS) is not there or damaged.
Therefore, to avoid damage (corruption) to the BIOS, some motherboards have a backup BIOS. In addition, most BIOS also has a region in the EEPROM / Flash memory can not be upgraded, which is referred to as "Boot Block". Boot block is always executed first when the computer is turned on. This code may verify the BIOS, the BIOS code overall is still in fine condition (with error checking methods such as checksum, CRC, hash and other) before executing the BIOS. If the boot block detects that the BIOS become corrupted, the boot block will prompt the user to carry out re-programming the BIOS using a floppy disk with the flash memory programmer and a BIOS image of the same or better. Motherboard manufacturers often release updates the BIOS to increase the ability of their products or eliminate some annoying bugs.
The future of BIOS
BIOS has long been used in the PC industry, since the IBM PC was released on August 21, 1981. Since the BIOS is still running in real mode (real-mode) is slow, then the designers agreed to replace the PC BIOS with something better than the EFI BIOS (Extensible Firmware Interface) is derived from the architecture of IA-64 (Itanium).
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